Abstract: In view of the problem that the existing dust prevention technology for downhole roadway working faces cannot meet the dust prevention and control requirements, a type of one button spray dust prevention system for downhole roadways is proposed and designed by adopting a method that combining theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. This system can rapidly respond to situations where the dust concentration exceeds the standard, and optimize the atomization effect by selecting appropriate nozzle types through modular design. In the study, it is found that turbulence formed by airflow inside roadways is one of the key factors leading to dust accumulation. Therefore, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technology is utilized to conduct simulation and verification of the selected nozzle, ensuring that it can effectively reduce the dust content in the air under different conditions. The testing operation results indicate that the designed one key dust prevention system operates easily and responds quickly, significantly improving the air quality inside mines. This scheme is effective and feasible, providing a new technical support for improving the working environment of miners and improving the level of safety production.