Abstract: To explore the dynamic stress behavior characteristics of the mining and excavation faces and its surrounding areas in Huoerxinhe Coal Mine, the study focuses on analyzing the variation law of strain energy density (SED) in the mining and excavation areas during the advancing process. By systematically measuring and comparing the gradient distribution of strain energy density (SED) at different positions, and combining with the advancing distances of the mining and excavation faces for in-depth analysis, the influence mechanism of mining and excavtion activities on the dynamic response of surrounding rock is revealed. The results show that under the condition of increasing lateral pressure coefficient η, an energy concentration zone gradually forms in the roadway roof area, and significant strain energy density (SED) fluctuations are exhibited due to the influence of stoping operations; While the floor and side areas show a non-linear variation trend of "increasing first and then decreasing", and the peak value of the roof energy density reaches 1.5 × 10⁵ J/m³. The verification error of the disturbance range boundary effect is less than 5%, further verifying the dynamic characteristics of stress distribution around the mining and excavation faces, providing a theoretical framework for the stability of roadway excavation and ensuring safer mining operations.