深浅孔爆破赋能薄煤层切顶卸压沿空留巷技术实践

Practice of Roof Cutting and Pressure Relief Roadway Retaining Along Goaf Technology in Deep and Shallow Hole Blasting Empowering Thin Coal Seam

  • 摘要: 为化解山西保利合盛煤业2102工作面单翼开采导致的采掘接替紧张、煤柱资源浪费等难题,基于巷道围岩力学参数测试与控制爆破成缝机理分析,提出“深浅孔爆破+D型聚能管”协同技术。通过理论计算与数值模拟,精准确定切顶高度为基本顶上边界15.3 m,采用深孔(孔深15.5 m,装药量9 kg)与浅孔(孔深8.4 m,装药量5 kg)组合爆破,配合“超前切缝+补强支护+U型钢挡矸+单体柱支护”工艺。现场应用显示,聚能爆破形成15.3 m定向断裂面,切顶效率提升30%,挡矸柱平均下沉量198.5 mm,巷道顶底板移近量280 mm、两帮移近量200 mm,均控制在安全范围内。该技术使采出率提升8%,减少掘进量1200 m,降低成本约260万元(含掘进费和支护材料费),取消5 m保护煤柱,多回收煤炭0.45万t,新增利润256.5万元,研究成果为相似条件矿井的开采技术选择提供了极具价值的参考,助力行业技术进步与高效开采。

     

    Abstract: In order to solve the difficult problems of tight succession between mining and driving, waste of coal pillar resources and others caused by single-wing mining in the 2102 working face of Shanxi Baoli Hesheng Coal Industry, based on the mechanical parameters testing of roadway surrounding rock and seam formation mechanism analysis of controlled blasting, a collaborative technology of "deep and shallow hole blasting+D-type energy gathering tube" is proposed. Through theoretical calculation and numerical simulation, the roof cutting height is precisely determined as the basic top upper boundary of 15.3 m. A combination blasting of deep hole (with a hole depth of 15.5 m, a charge amount of 9 kg) and shallow hole (with a hole depth of 8.4 m, a charge amount of 5 kg) is adopted, combined with the process of "advanced cutting+reinforcement support+U-type steel blocking gangue+single column support". The on-site application indicates that energy gathering blasting forms a directional fracture surface of 15.3 m, with a 30% improvement in roof cutting efficiency. The average subsidence amount of the blocking gangue column is 198.5 mm, the movement amount of the roadway roof and floor is 280 mm, and the movement amount of the two sides is 200 mm, all of them are controlled within a safe range. This technology improves the extraction rate by 8%, reduces the excavation amount by 1200 m, decreases costs by about 2.6 million yuan (including excavation cost and support material cost), eliminates 5 m protective coal pillars, recovers an additional 4500 tons of coal, and increases profits by 2.565 million yuan. The research results provide highly valuable references for the selection of mining technologies for mines with similar conditions, and help the industry make technological progress and efficient mining.

     

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