Abstract: In view of the problem that fatigue damage is prone to occur in transmission drum structure of belt conveyor under the action of complex cyclicity alternate load, the research conducts an in-depth analysis on the mechanical properties and fatigue life of the drum structure based on finite element method. On the basis of a detailed analysis of the positive pressure and friction characteristics exerted by the conveyor belt on the drum, a finite element model of the drum structure is constructed by utilizing Workbench software, and through modal and static analysis, the natural frequency, modal vibration mode, equivalent stress, and displacement and deformation distribution situation of the drum structure are concluded by calculation. At the same time, based on the actual measured load spectrum and Gerber correction method, combined with the material S-N curve and nCode software, the fatigue life evaluation is conducted on the drum structure, the results indicate that under the situation of working for 16 hours per day, the fatigue life of the drum structure can reach 14.6 years, providing a significant basis for the life prediction of drum structure.