复杂地质条件下煤矿开采工艺优化研究

Optimization and Research on Mining Process in Coal Mines under Complex Geological Conditions

  • 摘要: 针对郭家洼煤矿复杂地质条件下开采效率低、回采率不足等问题,基于动态支护理论(通过围岩变形时序监测动态调整支护参数)与多场耦合控制方法(应力场-渗流场-瓦斯场协同调控),提出全链条优化方案。动态支护理论指导了斜交18°工作面布置与分级支护体系:常规区采用120 kN预紧力锚杆,破碎带应用8.5 m让压锚索,形成“监测-评估-调控”闭环;多场耦合方法驱动“U+L”型通风系统与定向注浆技术联用,使瓦斯超限次数减少88.9%。关键技术协同作用显著:断层揭露长度缩减降低煤柱损失,配合立体抽采网络(主孔间距6.8 m)使回采率提升至84.3%;采煤机-液压支架-刮板输送机智能群控(截割功率1250 kW+支架阻力4800 kN)推动日推进度提升44%至6.2 m/d,吨煤成本下降18.3%,最终实现安全高效开采。

     

    Abstract: Aiming at the problems of low mining efficiency, insufficient stoping rate and others under complex geological conditions in Guojiawa Coal Mine, based on the dynamic support theory (dynamically adjusting support parameters through time series monitoring of surrounding rock deformation) and multi-field coupling control method (stress field-seepage field-gas field collabrative regulation and control), a full chain optimization scheme is proposed. The dynamic support theory guides the 18° oblique intersection working face layout and the graded support system: anchor rods with 120 kN pre-tightening force are adopted in conventional areas, and 8.5 m yielding anchor cables are applied in fractured zones, a closed loop of "monitoring-evaluation-regulation and control" is formed; The multi-field coupling method drives the combination use of "U+L" type ventilation system and directional grouting technology, the time number of gas exceedances is reduced by 88.9%. The synergistic effect of key technologies is significant: the reduction of fault exposure length reduces coal pillar loss, and the stoping rate is improved to 84.3% combined with the three-dimensional extraction network (with a main hole spacing of 6.8 m); The intelligent group control of shearer-hydraulic support-scraper conveyor (cutting power 1250 kW+bracket resistance 4800 kN) promotes a 44% improvement in daily pushing progress to 6.2 m/d, the cost per ton of coal is decreased by 18.3%, and safe and efficient mining is achieved ultimately.

     

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