Abstract: In view of the existing problems of single interaction mode, insufficient immersion, lack of authenticity in disaster scenes and others in the traditional coal mine fire disaster escape training, a type of situational training system based on VR is proposed. At the hardware level, this system introduces a VR universal treadmill, by capturing the trainer's walking movements in real time and synchronizing them with virtual characters, a feedback mechanism of "body movement-virtual displacement" is constructed, significantly improving the sense of reality of movements; At the software level, the system integrates multimodal interaction and stacks thermal radiation simulation and motion feedback on the basis of visual immersion, forming a three-dimensional training experience; Besides that, combined with the improved CFD smoke model, the system dynamically simulates the flow of downhole smoke gas, further improving the authenticity of disaster scenes. Through controlled experiments, it is verified that trainees are significantly better than the traditional training in aspects of knowledge mastery and decision-making efficiency. This system provides an efficient solution for emergency drills in mines by integrating multimodal interaction with dynamic disaster simulation, which has important practical significance for improving the emergency capabilities of downhole personnel.