Abstract: In view of the unclear mechanism of synergistic release of elastic energy and gas potential energy in coal rock gas composite dynamic disasters in deep mines, through mechanical test and multi-field coupled numerical simulation, the energy evolution and nonlinear coupling path are systematically revealed. The results show that when the stress concentration coefficient reaches 2.8, the fissure propagation range can reach 15 m, triggering the rapid release of elastic energy of coal mass (accounting for up to 79%), at the same time, accompanied by a sharp desorption process with a gas flow rate peak of 0.35 m³/s; Through fissure induction, the release intensity of elastic energy is amplified by about 1.5 times by the gas potential energy, and the desorption-seepage process has a significant amplification action on microseismic frequency and energy release rate; The coupling action is manifested as the dynamic transformation and unstable release of energy between elastic strain energy, plastic energy, and gas potential energy during the failure process of coal mass, with 95% of the total energy being concentrated released within 0.7 seconds. The study clarifies the energy threshold and conversion characteristics of coal rock gas dynamic coupling disasters, provides quantitative basis and theoretical support for the construction of disaster prediction and early warning indicators.