水平层理对露天煤矿爆破振动传播规律影响研究

Research on Influence of Horizontal Bedding on Propagation Law of Blasting Vibration in Open-pit Coal Mines

  • 摘要: 为精确研究水平层理岩层对爆破振动传播的影响,建立河曲露天矿专属衰减模型,该研究针对其“水平层理岩层+采场内外介质差异”的独特地质,在采场内(岩层)、外(土壤)布设15个测点,采集50~500 m爆心距的三向振动数据,引入层理方向加权因子η修正萨道夫斯基公式,量化层理对振动方向性的影响,结合线性回归构建模型。结果显示:竖直方向振速峰值最高,均符合《爆破安全规程》;采场内岩层合速度K=201.30、α=1.30,采场外土壤K=225.60、α=1.42,层理使振动衰减减缓8.5%。通过阐明水平层理岩层中爆破振动的传播机制,构建了地质-工况双适配的衰减模型。该模型验证了萨道夫斯基公式在复杂地质的适用性,可指导该矿炸药单耗优化,为同类水平层理露天矿爆破安全提供重要参考。

     

    Abstract: In order to accurately study the influence of horizontal bedding rock strata on the propagation of blasting vibration, a dedicated attenuation model for Hequ Open-pit Mine is established. This research focuses on the unique geology of "horizontal bedding rock strata+medium differences inside and outside the stope", sets up 15 measuring points inside the stope (rock strata) and outside (soil) to collect three-dimensional vibration data at a blasting center distance of 50-500 m. The bedding direction weighting factor η is introduced to modify Sadovsky formula, quantify the influence of bedding on vibration directionality, and construct a model combining with linear regression. The results indicate that the peak vibration velocity in the vertical direction is the highest, which accords with the "Blasting Safety Regulations"; The resultant velocity of rock strata inside the stope is K=201.30 and α=1.30, while the resultant velocity of soil outside the stope is K=225.60 and α=1.42. The bedding reduces vibration attenuation by 8.5%. By clarifying the propagation mechanism of blasting vibration in horizontal bedding rock strata, a geological-working condition dual adaptive attenuation model is constructed. This model verifies the applicability of Sadovsky formula in complex geology, which can guide the optimization of unit explosive consumption in this mine and provide significant reference for the blasting safety in similar horizontal beeding open-pit mines.

     

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