Abstract: In view of the problem that the mine water disaster prevention and control and ecological environment protection are directly correlated with overburden rock failure and water conducting fracture development in shallow buried coal seam group mining in ecologically fragile zones of western China, taking a typical mining area as the background, a combination method of theoretical calculation of water conducting fracture zone, physical simulation of similar materials, UDEC numerical simulation, and on-site actual measurement of 4^-2, 4^-3, and 5^-2 coal seams is adopted to carry out an integrated comparative verification of “theory-simulation-actual measurement” of the overburden rock failure characteristics during the entire process of repeated mining. The research systematically clarifies the superposed evolution mechanism of overburden rock fissures under repeated mining, and quantifies the development parameters of water conducting fracture zones under multi-coal seam conditions, which provides an important theoretical basis and practical guidance for precise prevention and control of roof water disasters, optimization of water holding coal mining schemes, and evaluation of mining subsidence and ecological damage in shallow buried coal seam group mining zones.