Abstract: Ningdong mining area is an important national coal base and coal chemical demonstration zone, in view of the problems of large production amount and complex types of coal-based solid waste (coal gangue, fly ash, gasification slag), lack of precise data support for resource utilization, and constraints on green and sustainable development, taking three typical solid wastes as the objects to analyze their physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. A property database is constructed by combining geographical unit division and statistical analysis. The results indicate that the microstructure and mechanical properties of coal gangue vary significantly due to mining areas, lithologies, and production links; Fly ash is mainly composed of glassy spherical particles with a uniform specific surface area; Gasification slag is dense and has low reactivity. All three are mainly composed of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃, but the ecological risk of heavy metal enrichment in coal gangue and fly ash is high, and the risk of gasification slag is controllable. The key indicators of spatial continuity and distribution patterns are quantified by spatial analysis, the spatial heterogeneity is revealed. This research provides scientific data support and theoretical basis for differentiated and precision resource utilization.