Abstract: With the increase of annual production capacity in open-pit coal mines,dust pollution in open-pit coal mines is gradually worsening.The electric shovel drivers who have the most close contact with the dust producing points are greatly affected.In view of the problems of serious dust diffusion pollution in open-pit coal mines,the increased probability of occupational diseases among coal mine workers and so on,by measuring the physical and chemical characteristics of dust samples,the degree of harm to human body is analyzed.The research results show that the total proportion of inhalable particles with a particle size less than 10 μm is 8.34%,and the proportion of respiratory dust inner the drivering cab is relatively low.Most of the dust quickly deposits in the driver’s nasal cavity;The number of pores for collecting dust samples is relatively small,and there is clearly no developed pore structure;The dust in the electric shovel driving cab contains a relatively high amount of carbon elements and metal elements,which increases the probability of electric shovel operators suffering from pneumoconiosis;The heavy metal content in the dust of the electric shovel driving cab is 1.244%,with iron element accounting for 0.809 6%,titanium element accounting for 0.335 5%,and zirconium element accounting for 0.098 9%.