Research on Water Inrush Disaster-causing Mode and Prevention and Control Countermeasures in Typical Tectonic Coal Areas

Aiming at the difficult problems of water inrush disaster prevention and control in tectonic coal areas, based on the dynamic mechanism, water inrush disasters are divided into three types of modes: fault activation type, fissure network type, and composite type, breaking through the limitation of the traditional classification based on water sources, a three-level prevention and control system of "geological exploration-real-time monitoring-intelligent early warning" is established by systematically analyzing 36 typical water inrush cases, and differentiated governance technologies are developed for different modes: fault activation type adopts 12-15 MPa high-pressure grouting (water cement ratio 0.8∶1-1.2∶1), fissure network type implements curtain interception in a 3-5 m area (permeability coefficient <10⁻⁷ cm/s), and composite type applies 200-300 t pre-stressed anchor cable collaborative grouting. The engineering applications show that after governance, the water inrush flow rate is decreased from an average of 420 m³/h to 38 m³/h (with a decrease of 90.95%), the frequency of microseismic events is reduced from 85 times/day to 12 times/day ( with a decrease of 85.9%), and the cost of prevention and control per ton of coal is decreased by 42%. Compared to the traditional method, the early warning accuracy rate of this system is improved to over 83%, achieving a technological leap from homogeneous prevention and control to targeted governance based on dynamic mechanisms.